Moving a single layer
To move a layer, simply click and drag it. If you want to restrict movement to a particular axis, hold ⇧ as you drag.
To move a layer that’s underneath another layer, make sure you’ve selected it (you can do this in the Layer List, if it helps), hold ⌘⌥, and then click and drag anywhere on the Canvas.
When you move a layer without a fill, you can click and drag anywhere within that layer. If you try to click and drag on the layer’s border, you may end up resizing rather than moving it.
To move a locked layer, first select it in the Layer List — from there, you can move, resize and rotate it, just like any other layer. Any selections you make on the Canvas won’t include locked layers, to save you from making accidental edits.
As you move any layer(s), you should see alignment guides relative to adjacent layers. If this doesn’t happen, check you have enabled View > Canvas > Show All Guides.
Moving multiple layers
If you have selected multiple layers you can click and drag anywhere inside the outer selection box to move them — whether that’s on the layers themselves, or empty space between them. If your outer selection box contains any unselected layers, you can still still select them by clicking them on directly.
If you prefer, you can also group layers together in the Layer List (or pressing ⌘G) and move the entire group.